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Recipes to Begin, Expand, and Enhance Your Projects

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Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition

Recipes to Begin, Expand, and Enhance Your Projects

By Michael Margolis

Publisher: O'Reilly Media

Final Release Date: December 2011

Pages: 724

Want to create devices that interact with the physical world? This cookbook is perfect for anyone who wants to experiment with the popular Arduino microcontroller and programming environment. You’ll find more than 200 tips and techniques for building a variety of objects and prototypes such as toys, detectors, robots, and interactive clothing that can sense and respond to touch, sound, position, heat, and light.

You don’t need to have mastered Arduino or programming to get started. Updated for the Arduino 1.0 release, the recipes in this second edition include practical examples and guidance to help you begin, expand, and enhance your projects right away—whether you’re an artist, designer, hobbyist, student, or engineer.

Get up to speed on the Arduino board and essential software concepts quickly
Learn basic techniques for reading digital and analog signals
Use Arduino with a variety of popular input devices and sensors
Drive visual displays, generate sound, and control several types of motors
Interact with devices that use remote controls, including TVs and appliances
Learn techniques for handling time delays and time measurement
Apply advanced coding and memory handling techniques

Chapter 1 Getting Started
1. Introduction
2. Installing the Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
3. Setting Up the Arduino Board
4. Using the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to Prepare an Arduino Sketch
5. Uploading and Running the Blink Sketch
6. Creating and Saving a Sketch
7. Using Arduino
Chapter 2 Making the Sketch Do Your Bidding
1. Introduction
2. Structuring an Arduino Program
3. Using Simple Primitive Types (Variables)
4. Using Floating-Point Numbers
5. Working with Groups of Values
6. Using Arduino String Functionality
7. Using C Character Strings
8. Splitting Comma-Separated Text into Groups
9. Converting a Number to a String
10. Converting a String to a Number
11. Structuring Your Code into Functional Blocks
12. Returning More Than One Value from a Function
13. Taking Actions Based on Conditions
14. Repeating a Sequence of Statements
15. Repeating Statements with a Counter
16. Breaking Out of Loops
17. Taking a Variety of Actions Based on a Single Variable
18. Comparing Character and Numeric Values
19. Comparing Strings
20. Performing Logical Comparisons
21. Performing Bitwise Operations
22. Combining Operations and Assignment
Chapter 3 Using Mathematical Operators
1. Introduction
2. Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing
3. Incrementing and Decrementing Values
4. Finding the Remainder After Dividing Two Values
5. Determining the Absolute Value
6. Constraining a Number to a Range of Values
7. Finding the Minimum or Maximum of Some Values
8. Raising a Number to a Power
9. Taking the Square Root
10. Rounding Floating-Point Numbers Up and Down
11. Using Trigonometric Functions
12. Generating Random Numbers
13. Setting and Reading Bits
14. Shifting Bits
15. Extracting High and Low Bytes in an int or long
16. Forming an int or long from High and Low Bytes
Chapter 4 Serial Communications
1. Introduction
2. Sending Debug Information from Arduino to Your Computer
3. Sending Formatted Text and Numeric Data from Arduino
4. Receiving Serial Data in Arduino
5. Sending Multiple Text Fields from Arduino in a Single Message
6. Receiving Multiple Text Fields in a Single Message in Arduino
7. Sending Binary Data from Arduino
8. Receiving Binary Data from Arduino on a Computer
9. Sending Binary Values from Processing to Arduino
10. Sending the Value of Multiple Arduino Pins
11. How to Move the Mouse Cursor on a PC or Mac
12. Controlling Google Earth Using Arduino
13. Logging Arduino Data to a File on Your Computer
14. Sending Data to Two Serial Devices at the Same Time
15. Receiving Serial Data from Two Devices at the Same Time
16. Setting Up Processing on Your Computer to Send and Receive Serial Data
Chapter 5 Simple Digital and Analog Input
1. Introduction
2. Using a Switch
3. Using a Switch Without External Resistors
4. Reliably Detecting the Closing of a Switch
5. Determining How Long a Switch Is Pressed
6. Reading a Keypad
7. Reading Analog Values
8. Changing the Range of Values
9. Reading More Than Six Analog Inputs
10. Displaying Voltages Up to 5V
11. Responding to Changes in Voltage
12. Measuring Voltages More Than 5V (Voltage Dividers)
Chapter 6 Getting Input from Sensors
1. Introduction
2. Detecting Movement
3. Detecting Light
4. Detecting Motion (Integrating Passive Infrared Detectors)
5. Measuring Distance
6. Measuring Distance Accurately
7. Detecting Vibration
8. Detecting Sound
9. Measuring Temperature
10. Reading RFID Tags
11. Tracking Rotary Movement
12. Tracking the Movement of More Than One Rotary Encoder
13. Tracking Rotary Movement in a Busy Sketch
14. Using a Mouse
15. Getting Location from a GPS
16. Detecting Rotation Using a Gyroscope
17. Detecting Direction
18. Getting Input from a Game Control Pad (PlayStation)
19. Reading Acceleration
Chapter 7 Visual Output
1. Introduction
2. Connecting and Using LEDs
3. Adjusting the Brightness of an LED
4. Driving High-Power LEDs
5. Adjusting the Color of an LED
6. Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Creating a Bar Graph
7. Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Making a Chase Sequence (Knight Rider)
8. Controlling an LED Matrix Using Multiplexing
9. Displaying Images on an LED Matrix
10. Controlling a Matrix of LEDs: Charlieplexing
11. Driving a 7-Segment LED Display
12. Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays: Multiplexing
13. Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays Using MAX7221 Shift Registers
14. Controlling an Array of LEDs by Using MAX72xx Shift Registers
15. Increasing the Number of Analog Outputs Using PWM Extender Chips (TLC5940)
16. Using an Analog Panel Meter as a Display
Chapter 8 Physical Output
1. Introduction
2. Controlling the Position of a Servo
3. Controlling One or Two Servos with a Potentiometer or Sensor
4. Controlling the Speed of Continuous Rotation Servos
5. Controlling Servos Using Computer Commands
6. Driving a Brushless Motor (Using a Hobby Speed Controller)
7. Controlling Solenoids and Relays
8. Making an Object Vibrate
9. Driving a Brushed Motor Using a Transistor
10. Controlling the Direction of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge
11. Controlling the Direction and Speed of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge
12. Using Sensors to Control the Direction and Speed of Brushed Motors (L293 H-Bridge)
13. Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor
14. Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor (Using the EasyDriver Board)
15. Driving a Unipolar Stepper Motor (ULN2003A)
Chapter 9 Audio Output
1. Introduction
2. Playing Tones
3. Playing a Simple Melody
4. Generating More Than One Simultaneous Tone
5. Generating Audio Tones and Fading an LED
6. Playing a WAV File
7. Controlling MIDI
8. Making an Audio Synthesizer
Chapter 10 Remotely Controlling External Devices
1. Introduction
2. Responding to an Infrared Remote Control
3. Decoding Infrared Remote Control Signals
4. Imitating Remote Control Signals
5. Controlling a Digital Camera
6. Controlling AC Devices by Hacking a Remote-Controlled Switch
Chapter 11 Using Displays
1. Introduction
2. Connecting and Using a Text LCD Display
3. Formatting Text
4. Turning the Cursor and Display On or Off
5. Scrolling Text
6. Displaying Special Symbols
7. Creating Custom Characters
8. Displaying Symbols Larger Than a Single Character
9. Displaying Pixels Smaller Than a Single Character
10. Connecting and Using a Graphical LCD Display
11. Creating Bitmaps for Use with a Graphical Display
12. Displaying Text on a TV
Chapter 12 Using Time and Dates
1. Introduction
2. Creating Delays
3. Using millis to Determine Duration
4. More Precisely Measuring the Duration of a Pulse
5. Using Arduino as a Clock
6. Creating an Alarm to Periodically Call a Function
7. Using a Real-Time Clock
Chapter 13 Communicating Using I2C and SPI
1. Introduction
2. Controlling an RGB LED Using the BlinkM Module
3. Using the Wii Nunchuck Accelerometer
4. Interfacing to an External Real-Time Clock
5. Adding External EEPROM Memory
6. Reading Temperature with a Digital Thermometer
7. Driving Four 7-Segment LEDs Using Only Two Wires
8. Integrating an I2C Port Expander
9. Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment Displays Using SPI
10. Communicating Between Two or More Arduino Boards
Chapter 14 Wireless Communication
1. Introduction
2. Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Wireless Modules
3. Connecting Arduino to a ZigBee or 802.15.4 Network
4. Sending a Message to a Particular XBee
5. Sending Sensor Data Between XBees
6. Activating an Actuator Connected to an XBee
7. Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Transceivers
8. Communicating with Bluetooth Devices
Chapter 15 Ethernet and Networking
1. Introduction
2. Setting Up the Ethernet Shield
3. Obtaining Your IP Address Automatically
4. Resolving Hostnames to IP Addresses (DNS)
5. Requesting Data from a Web Server
6. Requesting Data from a Web Server Using XML
7. Setting Up an Arduino to Be a Web Server
8. Handling Incoming Web Requests
9. Handling Incoming Requests for Specific Pages
10. Using HTML to Format Web Server Responses
11. Serving Web Pages Using Forms (POST)
12. Serving Web Pages Containing Large Amounts of Data
13. Sending Twitter Messages
14. Sending and Receiving Simple Messages (UDP)
15. Getting the Time from an Internet Time Server
16. Monitoring Pachube Feeds
17. Sending Information to Pachube
Chapter 16 Using, Modifying, and Creating Libraries
1. Introduction
2. Using the Built-in Libraries
3. Installing Third-Party Libraries
4. Modifying a Library
5. Creating Your Own Library
6. Creating a Library That Uses Other Libraries
7. Updating Third-Party Libraries for Arduino 1.0
Chapter 17 Advanced Coding and Memory Handling
1. Introduction
2. Understanding the Arduino Build Process
3. Determining the Amount of Free and Used RAM
4. Storing and Retrieving Numeric Values in Program Memory
5. Storing and Retrieving Strings in Program Memory
6. Using #define and const Instead of Integers
7. Using Conditional Compilations
Chapter 18 Using the Controller Chip Hardware
1. Introduction
2. Storing Data in Permanent EEPROM Memory
3. Using Hardware Interrupts
4. Setting Timer Duration
5. Setting Timer Pulse Width and Duration
6. Creating a Pulse Generator
7. Changing a Timer’s PWM Frequency
8. Counting Pulses
9. Measuring Pulses More Accurately
10. Measuring Analog Values Quickly
11. Reducing Battery Drain
12. Setting Digital Pins Quickly
13. Uploading Sketches Using a Programmer
14. Replacing the Arduino Bootloader
15. Reprogram the Uno to Emulate a Native USB device

Appendix Electronic Components
1. Capacitor
2. Diode
3. Integrated Circuit
4. Keypad
5. LED
6. Motor (DC)
7. Optocoupler
8. Photocell (Photoresistor)
9. Piezo
10. Pot (Potentiometer)
11. Relay
12. Resistor
13. Solenoid
14. Speaker
15. Stepper Motor
16. Switch
17. Transistor
18. See Also
Appendix Using Schematic Diagrams and Data Sheets
1. How to Read a Data Sheet
2. Choosing and Using Transistors for Switching
Appendix Building and Connecting the Circuit
1. Using a Breadboard
2. Connecting and Using External Power Supplies and Batteries
3. Using Capacitors for Decoupling
4. Using Snubber Diodes with Inductive Loads
5. Working with AC Line Voltages
Appendix Tips on Troubleshooting Software Problems
1. Code That Won’t Compile
2. Code That Compiles but Does Not Work as Expected
Appendix Tips on Troubleshooting Hardware Problems
1. Still Stuck?
Appendix Digital and Analog Pins
Appendix ASCII and Extended Character Sets
Appendix Migrating to Arduino 1.0
1. Migrating Print Statements
2. Migrating Wire (I2C) Statements
3. Migrating Ethernet Statements
4. Migrating Libraries
5. New Stream Parsing Functions
Colophon

Title:

Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition

By:

Michael Margolis

Publisher:

O'Reilly Media

Formats:

Print
Ebook
Safari Books Online

Print:

December 2011

Ebook:

December 2011

Pages:

724

Print ISBN:

978-1-4493-1387-6

| ISBN 10:

1-4493-1387-6

Ebook ISBN:

978-1-4493-1390-6

| ISBN 10:

1-4493-1390-6

Colophon

The animal on the cover of Arduino Cookbook is a toy rabbit. Mechanical toys like this one move by means of springs, gears, pulleys, levers, or other simple machines, powered by mechanical energy. Such toys have a long history, with ancient examples known from Greece, China, and the Arab world.Mechanical toy making flourished in early modern Europe. In the late 1400s, German inventor Karel Grod demonstrated flying wind-up toys. Prominent scientists of the day, including Leonardo da Vinci, Descartes, and Galileo Galilei, were noted for their work on mechanical toys. Da Vinci’s famed mechanical lion, built in 1509 for Louis XII, walked up to the king and tore open its chest to reveal a fleur-de-lis.The art of mechanical toy making is considered to have reached its pinnacle in the late eighteenth century, with the famed “automata” of the Swiss watchmaker Pierre Jaquet-Droz and his son Henri-Louis. Their human figures performed such lifelike actions as dipping a pen in an inkwell, writing full sentences, drawing sketches, and blowing eraser dust from the page. In the nineteenth century, European and American companies turned out popular clockwork toys that remain collectible today.Because these original toys, which had complicated works and elaborate decorations, were costly and time-consuming to make, they were reserved for the amusement of royalty or the entertainment of adults. Only since the late nineteenth century, with the appearance of mass production and cheap materials (tin, and later, plastic), have mechanical toys been considered playthings for children. These inexpensive moving novelties were popular for about a century, until battery-operated toys superseded them.The cover image is from the Dover Pictorial Archive. The cover font is Adobe ITC Garamond. The text font is Linotype Birka; the heading font is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is LucasFont’s TheSansMonoCondensed.

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Customer Reviews

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oreillyArduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition

4.1

(based on 13 reviews)

83%

of respondents would recommend this to a friend.

Pros

Helpful examples (8)
Concise (6)
Easy to understand (6)
Well-written (6)
Accurate (5)

Cons

Difficult to understand (3)

Best Uses

Novice (8)
Intermediate (7)
Student (6)
Expert (5)

- Reviewer Profile:
- Designer (4), Developer (3), Maker (3)

Reviewed by 13 customers

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9/29/2016

3.0

tough to find particular subjects

By jim

from Freeport, IL

About Me Designer

Pros

Cons

Difficult to understand
Not comprehensive enough

Best Uses

Comments about oreilly Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition:

I can't get some of the sketches to work.

I applied for an update and if I received it I can't identify what the update is. I sent an email asking what the update is and I never received an answer.

8/19/2015

(0 of 2 customers found this review helpful)

1.0

the codes have too many mistakes

By uncle joey

from selden, n.y.

Pros

Cons

Difficult to understand
Not comprehensive enough
Too many errors

Best Uses

Novice

Comments about oreilly Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition:

on page 256, pinMode(ledPins[led], OUTPUT);
gives - name lookup of 'led' changed for 'ISO' scoping [- f permissive] ????????

7/20/2015

(0 of 2 customers found this review helpful)

1.0

very dificult for a beginner to understand

By uncle joey

from selden n.y. 11784

About Me Beginner

Pros

Not For A Beginner
Very Hard To Understand F

Cons

Difficult to understand
Too many errors
Too Technical

Best Uses

Beginner
Novice

Comments about oreilly Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition:

there are too many mistakes in this book. I would
not recommend this book to anyone. I'm sorry I bought it. The code on page 366 liquid crystal
(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2, ) says expected primary- expression before ) token. what do I do ?????????.
there is no explanation. there should be.

3/30/2015

5.0

great arduino guide

By dmytro

from Ukraine

Pros

Easy to understand
Helpful examples
Well-written

Cons

Best Uses

Student

Comments about oreilly Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition:

This is a great arduino guide book, which is written simple language with good samples which you can use with real projects.

3/12/2015

4.0

Excellent book

By mm

from Canada

About Me Designer

Pros

Accurate
Concise
Helpful examples
Well-written

Cons

Best Uses

Expert
Intermediate
Student

Comments about oreilly Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition:

This is an excellent book for anyone with a basic knowledge of Arduino who is looking to do more challenging projects.

12/25/2014

(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)

5.0

Excellent all round textbook

By Phil_S

from Southern UK

About Me Applicator Not Academic, Maker, Technologist

Pros

Downloadable Code

Cons

Best Uses

Comments about oreilly Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition:

Very readable, knowledgeable author, full of very useful code examples from simple to complex. Used the paper copy in conjunction with the PDF upgrade copy to allow full editing of text and code as well as bedtime reading. This book takes beginners and experienced Arduino users through all aspects of hardware and software. An essential if you want to turn an idea into practice. Every example is followed by a full discussion, essential for in depth understanding and further reading. Thoroughly and unreservedly recommend.

4/10/2014

(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)

5.0

great

By adam

from UK

Comments about oreilly Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition:

this is a great book, really clear guide to arduino, well graded exercises and lots of useful info.

11/19/2013

(1 of 2 customers found this review helpful)

5.0

Best by far!

By Robert

from Perth, Australia

Pros

Accurate
Concise
Easy to understand
Helpful examples
Well-written

Cons

Best Uses

Expert
Intermediate
Novice
Student

Comments about oreilly Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition:

This book makes other arduino books seem like tash. It is the best written text book I have ever seen!

8/24/2013

(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)

5.0

Exploring Arduino

By wiske57

from Biloxi, MS

About Me Hobbyist, Non-professional

Pros

Accurate
Easy to understand
Helpful examples

Cons

Best Uses

Intermediate
Novice

Comments about oreilly Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition:

Weather you read it from cover to cover or jump to an interesting project you will find the information needed to learn all the Arduino is capable of. Provides the needed background for beginners while building up to more advanced projects as you learn. Anyone already having experience with the Arduino will also find advanced projects and code that may be incorporated into a project you want to build. Well written and easy to understand examples will get your project up and running quickly while providing the background to understand the code it runs.

8/30/2012

(14 of 14 customers found this review helpful)

4.0

Nice infomation storehouse for Arduino

By Carpenterbee

from Down East

About Me Designer, Maker

Pros

Concise
Easy to understand
Helpful examples
Well-written

Cons

Best Uses

Intermediate
Novice
Student

Comments about oreilly Arduino Cookbook, 2nd Edition:

I use this book to learn about techniques that I don't already know about designing with the Arduino micro-controller. It is a pretty complete reference for those who are just starting out. About my only dislike is that there appears to be no way to copy examples out of the book via computer. So far I've had to type them all in. Maybe I missed the URL for this...... or........ maybe you have to expend additional monies and purchase the eBook version. I'm not even sure you could do it then.

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Chapter 1 Getting Started

Introduction

Installing the Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Setting Up the Arduino Board

Using the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to Prepare an Arduino Sketch

Uploading and Running the Blink Sketch

Creating and Saving a Sketch

Using Arduino

Chapter 2 Making the Sketch Do Your Bidding

Introduction

Structuring an Arduino Program

Using Simple Primitive Types (Variables)

Using Floating-Point Numbers

Working with Groups of Values

Using Arduino String Functionality

Using C Character Strings

Splitting Comma-Separated Text into Groups

Converting a Number to a String

Converting a String to a Number

Structuring Your Code into Functional Blocks

Returning More Than One Value from a Function

Taking Actions Based on Conditions

Repeating a Sequence of Statements

Repeating Statements with a Counter

Breaking Out of Loops

Taking a Variety of Actions Based on a Single Variable

Comparing Character and Numeric Values

Comparing Strings

Performing Logical Comparisons

Performing Bitwise Operations

Combining Operations and Assignment

Chapter 3 Using Mathematical Operators

Introduction

Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing

Incrementing and Decrementing Values

Finding the Remainder After Dividing Two Values

Determining the Absolute Value

Constraining a Number to a Range of Values

Finding the Minimum or Maximum of Some Values

Raising a Number to a Power

Taking the Square Root

Rounding Floating-Point Numbers Up and Down

Using Trigonometric Functions

Generating Random Numbers

Setting and Reading Bits

Shifting Bits

Extracting High and Low Bytes in an int or long

Forming an int or long from High and Low Bytes

Chapter 4 Serial Communications

Introduction

Sending Debug Information from Arduino to Your Computer

Sending Formatted Text and Numeric Data from Arduino

Receiving Serial Data in Arduino

Sending Multiple Text Fields from Arduino in a Single Message

Receiving Multiple Text Fields in a Single Message in Arduino

Sending Binary Data from Arduino

Receiving Binary Data from Arduino on a Computer

Sending Binary Values from Processing to Arduino

Sending the Value of Multiple Arduino Pins

How to Move the Mouse Cursor on a PC or Mac

Controlling Google Earth Using Arduino

Logging Arduino Data to a File on Your Computer

Sending Data to Two Serial Devices at the Same Time

Receiving Serial Data from Two Devices at the Same Time

Setting Up Processing on Your Computer to Send and Receive Serial Data

Chapter 5 Simple Digital and Analog Input

Introduction

Using a Switch

Using a Switch Without External Resistors

Reliably Detecting the Closing of a Switch

Determining How Long a Switch Is Pressed

Reading a Keypad

Reading Analog Values

Changing the Range of Values

Reading More Than Six Analog Inputs

Displaying Voltages Up to 5V

Responding to Changes in Voltage

Measuring Voltages More Than 5V (Voltage Dividers)

Chapter 6 Getting Input from Sensors

Introduction