Java Performance Tuning, 2nd Edition

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Java Performance Tuning, 2E PDF

By Jack Shirazi

Publisher: O'Reilly Media

Released: January 2003

Pages: 592

Performance has been an important issue for Java developers ever since the first version hit the streets. Over the years, Java performance has improved dramatically, but tuning is essential to get the best results, especially for J2EE applications. You can never have code that runs too fast.

Java Peformance Tuning, 2nd edition provides a comprehensive and indispensable guide to eliminating all types of performance problems. Using many real-life examples to work through the tuning process in detail, JPT shows how tricks such as minimizing object creation and replacing strings with arrays can really pay off in improving your code's performance.

Tuning J2EE applications bears many similarities to tuning J2SE apps, but important and specific considerations apply. For this reason, Java Performance Tuning, Second Edition includes four new chapters: a new chapter on J2EE application tuning in general followed by chapters on tuning JDBC, servlets and JSPs, and EJBs.

Java Performance Tuning offers common-sense advice about what to tune and what to leave alone, emphasizing techniques that provide big performance gains with minimal code restructuring. It gives you crucial guidance that helps you tune without destroying your program's architecture. Blindly changing things in an effort to make a program run faster is a great way to create buggy, unmaintainable code. Java Performance Tuning teaches you to work efficiently and effectively, resulting in code that is robust, maintainable, and fast.

Java Performance Tuning, Second Edition shows you how to:

Create a performance plan
Glean information about your program's behavior from profiling tools
Identify bottlenecks before tuning
Minimize the number of objects your program creates, particularly critical for J2EE applications
Optimize the use of strings
Avoid performance penalties from inefficient code
Improve the behavior of loops and switches
Optimize I/O behavior
Use appropriate algorithms for sorting and other common tasks
Use threads effectively
Optimize the performance of distributed systems
Speed up servlets and JSPs
Structure JDBC usage efficiently
Use effective design patterns to optimize EJB performance

Covers JDK 1.4

Chapter 1 Introduction
1. Why Is It Slow?
2. The Tuning Game
3. System Limitations and What to Tune
4. A Tuning Strategy
5. Perceived Performance
6. Starting to Tune
7. What to Measure
8. Don't Tune What You Don't Need to Tune
9. Performance Checklist
Chapter 2 Profiling Tools
1. Measurements and Timings
2. Garbage Collection
3. Method Calls
4. Object-Creation Profiling
5. Monitoring Gross Memory Usage
6. Client/Server Communications
7. Performance Checklist
Chapter 3 Underlying JDK Improvements
1. Garbage Collection
2. Tuning the Heap
3. Gross Tuning
4. Fine-Tuning the Heap
5. Sharing Memory
6. Replacing JDK Classes
7. Faster VMs
8. Better Optimizing Compilers
9. Sun's Compiler and Runtime Optimizations
10. Compile to Native Machine Code
11. Native Method Calls
12. Uncompressed ZIP/JAR Files
13. Performance Checklist
Chapter 4 Object Creation
1. Object-Creation Statistics
2. Object Reuse
3. Reference Objects
4. Avoiding Garbage Collection
5. Initialization
6. Early and Late Initialization
7. Performance Checklist
Chapter 5 Strings
1. The Performance Effects of Strings
2. Compile-Time Versus Runtime Resolution of Strings
3. Conversions to Strings
4. Strings Versus char Arrays
5. String Comparisons and Searches
6. Sorting Internationalized Strings
7. Performance Checklist
Chapter 6 Exceptions, Assertions, Casts, and Variables
1. Exceptions
2. Assertions
3. Casts
4. Variables
5. Method Parameters
6. Performance Checklist
Chapter 7 Loops, Switches, and Recursion
1. Loops
2. Tuning a Loop
3. Exception-Terminated Loops
4. Switches
5. Recursion
6. Recursion and Stacks
7. Performance Checklist
Chapter 8 I/O, Logging, and Console Output
1. Replacing System.out
2. Logging
3. From Raw I/O to Smokin' I/O
4. Serialization
5. Clustering Objects and Counting I/O Operations
6. Compression
7. NIO
8. Performance Checklist
Chapter 9 Sorting
1. Avoiding Unnecessary Sorting Overhead
2. An Efficient Sorting Framework
3. Better Than O(nlogn) Sorting
4. Performance Checklist
Chapter 10 Threading
1. User-Interface Thread and Other Threads
2. Race Conditions
3. Deadlocks
4. Synchronization Overhead
5. Timing Multithreaded Tests
6. Atomic Access and Assignment
7. Thread Pools
8. Load Balancing
9. Threaded Problem-Solving Strategies
10. Performance Checklist
Chapter 11 Appropriate Data Structures and Algorithms
1. Collections
2. Java 2 Collections
3. Hashtables and HashMaps
4. Optimizing Queries
5. Comparing LinkedLists and ArrayLists
6. The RandomAccess Interface
7. Cached Access
8. Caching Examples
9. Finding the Index for Partially Matched Strings
10. Search Trees
11. Performance Checklist
Chapter 12 Distributed Computing
1. Tools
2. Message Reduction
3. Comparing Communications Layers
4. Caching
5. Batching I
6. Application Partitioning
7. Batching II
8. Low-Level Communication Optimizations
9. Distributed Garbage Collection
10. Databases
11. Web Services
12. Performance Checklist
Chapter 13 When to Optimize
1. When Not to Optimize
2. Tuning Class Libraries and Beans
3. Analysis
4. Design and Architecture
5. Tuning After Deployment
6. More Factors That Affect Performance
7. Performance Planning
8. Performance Checklist
Chapter 14 Underlying Operating System and Network Improvements
1. Hard Disks
2. CPU
3. RAM
4. Network I/O
5. Performance Checklist
Chapter 15 J2EE Performance Tuning
1. Performance Planning
2. J2EE Monitoring and Profiling Tools
3. Measurements: What, Where, and How
4. Load Testing
5. User Perception
6. Clustering and Load Balancing
7. Tuning JMS
8. Performance Checklist
Chapter 16 Tuning JDBC
1. Measuring JDBC Performance
2. Tuning JDBC
3. Performance Checklist
Chapter 17 Tuning Servlets and JSPs
1. Don't Use SingleThreadModel
2. Efficient Page Creation and Output
3. Body Tags
4. Cache Tags
5. HttpSession
6. Compression
7. More Performance Tips
8. Case Study: Ace's Hardware SPECmine Tool
9. Performance Checklist
Chapter 18 Tuning EJBs
1. Primary Design Guidelines
2. Performance-Optimizing Design Patterns
3. The Application Server
4. More Suggestions for Tuning EJBs
5. Case Study: The Pet Store
6. Case Study: Elite.com
7. Performance Checklist
Chapter 19 Further Resources
1. The Primary Resource
2. Books
3. Magazines
4. URLs
5. Profilers
6. Optimizers

Colophon

Title:

Java Performance Tuning, 2nd Edition

By:

Jack Shirazi

Publisher:

O'Reilly Media

Formats:

Print
Ebook
Safari Books Online

Print:

January 2003

Ebook:

June 2009

Pages:

592

Print ISBN:

978-0-596-00377-7

| ISBN 10:

0-596-00377-3

Ebook ISBN:

978-0-596-55613-6

| ISBN 10:

0-596-55613-6

Colophon

Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects. The animal on the cover of Java Performance Tuning is a serval (Leptailarus serval). This long-legged cat is found in most parts of Africa, except for very dry areas of the continent, such as the northern regions around the Sahara Desert. Servals range in color from light brown to a darker reddish brown (some servals are entirely black); their coats are covered with dark spots that merge into stripes along the upper part of their backs. The pattern of their markings varies geographically; servals from wetter areas have smaller, finer spots, while those from drier areas have larger marks. Servals can grow up to 3 feet long and 20 inches tall at the shoulder, making their legs very long in proportion to their bodies. They use this height to their advantage, as they are able to see movement in the tall grass in which they hunt for the hares, rodents, and small birds they like to eat. Their big ears and highly developed auditory systems enable them to hear the high-pitched, ultrasonic sounds made by rodents-- they are even able to hear them tunneling underground -- and they can also leap up to 10 feet into the air to catch birds. Emily Quill was the production editor and proofreader for Java Performance Tuning, Second Edition. Ann Schirmer was the copyeditor. Linley Dolby and Philip Dangler provided quality control. Ellen Troutman wrote the index.

Emma Colby designed the cover of this book, based on a series design by Edie Freedman. The cover image is a 19th-century engraving from the Couvier Pictorial Archive. Emma Colby produced the cover layout with QuarkXPress 4.1 using Adobe's ITC Garamond font.

David Futato designed the interior layout. This book was converted to FrameMaker 5.5.6 by Joe Wizda and Judy Hoer with a format conversion tool created by Erik Ray, Jason McIntosh, Neil Walls, and Mike Sierra that uses Perl and XML technologies. The text font is Linotype Birka; the heading font is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is LucasFont's TheSans Mono Condensed. The illustrations that appear in the book were produced by Robert Romano and Jessamyn Read using Macromedia FreeHand 9 and Adobe Photoshop 6. The tip and warning icons were drawn by Christopher Bing. This colophon was written by Leanne Soylemez.

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oreilly Java Performance Tuning, 2nd Edition

4.0

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Displaying reviews 1-4

8/31/2009

(3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)

4.0

Good book, old java but still useful

By Greg Bielewski

from Undisclosed

Comments about oreilly Java Performance Tuning, 2nd Edition:

I read this book and have to say that it was really good. Bad thing is that it is about quite dated and only one JVM. I bought the book after being inspired by Stan who wrote interesting article with different approach When optimizing - don't forget the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) (http://bigdatamatters.com/bigdatamatters/2009/08/jvm-performance.html) . I wanted to tune my application as much as possible and this book was very helpful in this task. Oh by read I mean, read and tune!

6/9/2008

(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)

4.0

an excellent book full of useful tips

By vernetto

from Undisclosed

Comments about oreilly Java Performance Tuning, 2nd Edition:

I have been developing in Java for 10 years and I had no clue about lots of trick that are taught in this book. A real eye opener.

I only wish there was an edition for Java 5....

5/12/2004

(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)

3.0

a good book, but do you really need it?

By aFuqua

from Undisclosed

Comments about oreilly Java Performance Tuning, 2nd Edition:

Java Performance Tuning would be a good book to have if you have a seriously performance intensive application or for someone who just really dug performance issues. But it wouldn't be of interest to most people. Most programmers should be able to do all the performance tuning they need to do with a program like Optomizeit.

9/9/2003

5.0

Java Performance Tuning, 2nd Edition Review

By Someone

from Undisclosed

Comments about oreilly Java Performance Tuning, 2nd Edition:

Just great. I didn't buy this book, because I wasn't impressed with the first edition, but this really is a totally different book.

Displaying reviews 1-4

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Chapter 1 Introduction

Why Is It Slow?

The Tuning Game

System Limitations and What to Tune

A Tuning Strategy

Perceived Performance

Starting to Tune

What to Measure

Don't Tune What You Don't Need to Tune

Performance Checklist

Chapter 2 Profiling Tools

Measurements and Timings

Garbage Collection

Method Calls

Object-Creation Profiling

Monitoring Gross Memory Usage

Client/Server Communications

Performance Checklist

Chapter 3 Underlying JDK Improvements

Garbage Collection

Tuning the Heap

Gross Tuning

Fine-Tuning the Heap

Sharing Memory

Replacing JDK Classes

Faster VMs

Better Optimizing Compilers

Sun's Compiler and Runtime Optimizations

Compile to Native Machine Code

Native Method Calls

Uncompressed ZIP/JAR Files

Performance Checklist

Chapter 4 Object Creation

Object-Creation Statistics

Object Reuse

Reference Objects

Avoiding Garbage Collection

Initialization

Early and Late Initialization

Performance Checklist

Chapter 5 Strings

The Performance Effects of Strings

Compile-Time Versus Runtime Resolution of Strings

Conversions to Strings

Strings Versus char Arrays

String Comparisons and Searches

Sorting Internationalized Strings

Performance Checklist

Chapter 6 Exceptions, Assertions, Casts, and Variables

Exceptions

Assertions

Casts

Variables

Method Parameters

Performance Checklist

Chapter 7 Loops, Switches, and Recursion

Loops

Tuning a Loop

Exception-Terminated Loops

Switches

Recursion

Recursion and Stacks

Performance Checklist

Chapter 8 I/O, Logging, and Console Output

Replacing System.out

Logging

From Raw I/O to Smokin' I/O

Serialization

Clustering Objects and Counting I/O Operations

Compression

NIO

Performance Checklist

Chapter 9 Sorting

Avoiding Unnecessary Sorting Overhead

An Efficient Sorting Framework

Better Than O(nlogn) Sorting

Performance Checklist

Chapter 10 Threading

User-Interface Thread and Other Threads

Race Conditions