Publisher: O'Reilly Media Released: June 2006 Pages: 992
If you're among those looking for practical hands-on support, help is here with Active Directory Cookbook, Second Edition, a unique problem-solving guide that offers quick answers for Active Directory and updated for Window Server 2003 SP1 and R2 versions. The book contains hundreds of step-by-step solutions for both common and uncommon problems that you're likely to encounter with Active Directory on a daily basis--including recipes to deal with the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), ADAM, multi-master replication, Domain Name System (DNS), Group Policy, the Active Directory Schema, and many other features. Author Robbie Allen, a Technical Leader at Cisco Systems, MVP for Directory Services, and co-author of Active Directory, Third Edition and Laura E. Hunter, MVP for Windows Server-Networking and author of several books, have based this collection of troubleshooting recipes on their own experience, along with input from Windows administrators. Each recipe includes a discussion explaining how and why the solution works, so you can adapt the problem-solving techniques to similar situations. This best selling book provides solutions to over 300 problems commonly encountered when deploying, administering, and automating Active Directory to manage users in Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003. The recipes include: - creating domains and trusts
- renaming a domain controller
- finding users whose passwords are about to expire
- applying a security filter to group policy objects
- checking for potential replication problems
- restricting hosts from performing LDAP queries
- viewing DNS server performance statistics
This Cookbook is a perfect companion to Active Directory, Third Edition, the tutorial that experts hail as the best source for understanding Microsoft's directory service. While Active Directory provides the big picture, Active Directory Cookbook gives you quick solutions you need to cope with day-to-day dilemmas. Together, these books supply the knowledge and tools so you can get the most out of Active Directory to manage users, groups, computers, domains, organizational units, and security policies on your network. |
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Chapter 1 Getting Started -
Approach to the Book -
Where to Find the Tools -
Getting Familiar with LDIF -
Programming Notes -
Replaceable Text -
Where to Find More Information -
Chapter 2 Forests, Domains, and Trusts -
Introduction -
Creating a Forest -
Removing a Forest -
Creating a Domain -
Removing a Domain -
Removing an Orphaned Domain -
Finding the Domains in a Forest -
Finding the NetBIOS Name of a Domain -
Renaming a Domain -
Raising the Domain Functional Level to Windows 2000 Native Mode -
Raising the Functional Level of a Windows Server 2003 Domain -
Raising the Functional Level of a Windows Server 2003 Forest -
Using AdPrep to Prepare a Domain or Forest for Windows Server 2003 -
Determining WhetherAdPrep Has Completed -
Checking Whether a Windows 2000 Domain Controller Can Be Upgraded to Windows Server 2003 -
Creating an External Trust -
Creating a Transitive Trust Between Two AD Forests -
Creating a Shortcut Trust Between Two AD Domains -
Creating a Trust to a Kerberos Realm -
Viewing the Trusts for a Domain -
Verifying a Trust -
Resetting a Trust -
Removing a Trust -
Enabling SID Filtering for a Trust -
Enabling Quarantine for a Trust -
Managing Selective Authentication for a Trust -
Finding Duplicate SIDs in a Domain -
Adding Additional Fields to Active Directory Users and Computers -
Chapter 3 Domain Controllers, Global Catalogs, and FSMOs -
Introduction -
Promoting a Domain Controller -
Promoting a Domain Controller from Media -
Verifying the Promotion of a Domain Controller -
Demoting a Domain Controller -
Automating the Promotion or Demotion of a Domain Controller -
Troubleshooting Domain Controller Promotion or Demotion Problems -
Removing an Unsuccessfully Demoted Domain Controller -
Renaming a Domain Controller -
Creating an NT 4.0 BDC Object -
Finding the Domain Controllers for a Domain -
Finding the Closest Domain Controller -
Finding a Domain Controller's Site -
Moving a Domain Controller to a Different Site -
Finding the Services a Domain Controller Is Advertising -
Restoring a Deleted Domain Controller -
Resetting the TCP/IP Stack on a Domain Controller -
Configuring a Domain Controller to Use an External Time Source -
Finding the Number of Logon Attempts Made Against a Domain Controller -
Enabling the /3GB Switch to Increase the LSASS Cache -
Enabling the /PAE switch to Increase the Amount of Addressable RAM -
Cleaning Up Distributed Link Tracking Objects -
Enabling and Disabling the Global Catalog -
Determining Whether Global Catalog Promotion Is Complete -
Finding the Global Catalog Servers in a Forest -
Finding the Domain Controllers or Global Catalog Servers in a Site -
Finding Domain Controllers and Global Catalogs via DNS -
Changing the Preference for a Domain Controller -
Disabling the Global Catalog Requirement During a Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003 Domain Login -
Enabling Universal Group Caching in Windows Server 2003 -
Finding the FSMO Role Holders -
Transferring a FSMO Role -
Seizing a FSMO Role -
Finding the PDC Emulator FSMO Role Owner via DNS -
Finding the PDC Emulator FSMO Role Owner via WINS -
Chapter 4 Searching and Manipulating Objects -
Introduction -
Viewing the RootDSE -
Viewing the Attributes of an Object -
Counting Objects in Active Directory -
Using LDAP Controls -
Using a Fast or Concurrent Bind -
Connecting to an Object GUID -
Connecting to a Well-Known GUID -
Searching for Objects in a Domain -
Searching the Global Catalog -
Searching for a Large Number of Objects -
Searching with an Attribute-Scoped Query -
Searching with a Bitwise Filter -
Creating an Object -
Modifying an Object -
Modifying a Bit Flag Attribute -
Dynamically Linking an Auxiliary Class -
Creating a Dynamic Object -
Refreshing a Dynamic Object -
Modifying the Default TTL Settings for Dynamic Objects. -
Moving an Object to a Different OU or Container -
Moving an Object to a Different Domain -
Referencing an External Domain -
Renaming an Object -
Deleting an Object -
Deleting a Container That Has Child Objects -
Viewing the Created and Last Modified Timestamp of an Object -
Modifying the Default LDAP Query Policy -
Exporting Objects to an LDIF File -
Importing Objects Using an LDIF File -
Exporting Objects to a CSV File -
Importing Objects Using a CSV File -
Chapter 5 Organizational Units -
Introduction -
Creating an OU -
Enumerating the OUs in a Domain -
Finding an OU -
Enumerating the Objects in an OU -
Deleting the Objects in an OU -
Deleting an OU -
Moving the Objects in an OU to a Different OU -
Moving an OU -
Renaming an OU -
Modifying an OU -
Determining Approximately How Many Child Objects an OU Has -
Delegating Control of an OU -
Assigning or Removing a Manager for an OU -
Allowing OUs to Be Created Within Containers -
Linking a GPO to an OU -
Chapter 6 Users -
Introduction -
Modifying the Default Display Name Used When Creating Users in ADUC -
Creating a User -
Creating a Large Number of Users -
Creating an inetOrgPerson User -
Converting a user Object to an inetOrgPerson Object (or Vice Versa) -
Modifying an Attribute for Several Users at Once -
Setting a User's Profile Attributes -
Moving a User -
Redirecting Users to an Alternative OU -
Renaming a User -
Copying a User -
Finding Locked Out Users -
Unlocking a User -
Troubleshooting Account Lockout Problems -
Viewing the Account Lockout and Password Policies -
Enabling and Disabling a User -
Finding Disabled Users -
Viewing a User's Group Membership -
Removing All Group Memberships from a User -
Changing a User's Primary Group -
Transferring a User's Group Membership to Another User -
Setting a User's Password -
Setting a User's Password via LDAP -
Setting a User's Password from Unix -
Preventing a User from Changing Her Password -
Requiring a User to Change His Password at Next Logon -
Preventing a User's Password from Expiring -
Finding Users Whose Passwords Are About to Expire -
Setting a User's Account Options (userAccountControl) -
Setting a User's Account to Expire -
Finding Users Whose Accounts Are About to Expire -
Determining a User's Last Logon Time -
Finding Users Who Have Not Logged On Recently -
Viewing a User's Permitted Logon Hours -
Viewing a User's Managed Objects -
Creating a UPN Suffix for a Forest -
Chapter 7 Groups -
Introduction -
Creating a Group -
Viewing the Permissions of a Group -
Viewing the Direct Members of a Group -
Viewing the Nested Members of a Group -
Adding and Removing Members of a Group -
Moving a Group Within a Domain -
Moving a Group to Another Domain -
Changing the Scope or Type of a Group -
Modifying Group Attributes -
Creating a Dynamic Group -
Delegating Control for Managing Membership of a Group -
Resolving a Primary Group ID -
Enabling Universal Group Membership Caching -
Restoring a Deleted Group -
Chapter 8 Computers -
Introduction -
Creating a Computer -
Creating a Computer for a Specific User or Group -
Joining a Computer to a Domain -
Moving a Computer Within the Same Domain -
Moving a Computer to a New Domain -
Renaming a Computer -
Add or Remove a Computer Account from a Group -
Testing the Secure Channel for a Computer -
Resetting a Computer Account -
Finding Inactive or Unused Computers -
Changing the Maximum Number of Computers a User Can Join to the Domain -
Modifying the Attributes of a Computer Object -
Finding Computers with a Particular OS -
Binding to the Default Container for Computers -
Changing the Default Container for Computers -
Listing All the Computer Accounts in a Domain -
Identifying a Computer Role -
Chapter 9 Printers and Shared Folders -
Introduction -
Installing the Print Server Role -
Creating a Printer Filter -
Managing Printer Drivers -
Deploying Printers Through Group Policy -
Publishing Printers in Active Directory -
Installing the File Server Resource Manager -
Managing Disk Quota Templates -
Managing Disk Quotas -
Managing Auto-Quotas -
Modifying Quota Settings -
Defining File Groups -
Managing File-Screen Templates -
Managing File Screens -
Managing File-Screen Exceptions -
Configuring File Server Reporting -
Managing File Server Options -
Chapter 10 Group Policy Objects -
Introduction -
Finding the GPOs in a Domain -
Creating a GPO -
Copying a GPO -
Deleting a GPO -
Viewing the Settings of a GPO -
Modifying the Settings of a GPO -
Importing Settings into a GPO -
Creating a Migration Table -
Creating Custom Group Policy Settings -
Assigning Logon/Logoff and Startup/Shutdown Scripts in a GPO -
Installing Applications with a GPO -
Disabling the User or Computer Settings in a GPO -
Listing the Links for a GPO -
Creating a GPO Link to an OU -
Blocking Inheritance of GPOs on an OU -
Enforcing the Settings of a GPO Link -
Applying a Security Filter to a GPO -
Delegating Administration of GPOs -
Importing a Security Template -
Creating a WMI Filter -
Applying a WMI Filter to a GPO -
Configuring Loopback Processing for a GPO -
Backing Up a GPO -
Restoring a GPO -
Simulating the RSoP -
Viewing the RSoP -
Refreshing GPO Settings on a Computer -
Restoring a Default GPO -
Chapter 11 Schema -
Introduction -
Registering the Active Directory Schema MMC Snap-in -
Enabling Schema Updates -
Generating an OID to Use for a New Class or Attribute -
Generating a GUID to Use for a New Class or Attribute -
Extending the Schema -
Preparing the Schema for Upgrade -
Documenting Schema Extensions -
Adding a New Attribute -
Viewing an Attribute -
Adding a New Class -
Viewing a Class -
Indexing an Attribute -
Modifying the Attributes That Are Copied When Duplicating a User -
Adding Custom Information to ADUC -
Modifying the Attributes Included with ANR -
Modifying the Set of Attributes Stored on a Global Catalog -
Finding the Nonreplicated and Constructed Attributes -
Finding the Linked Attributes -
Finding the Structural, Auxiliary, Abstract, and 88 Classes -
Finding the Mandatory and Optional Attributes of a Class -
Modifying the Default Security of a Class -
Managing the Confidentiality Bit -
Deactivating Classes and Attributes -
Redefining Classes and Attributes -
Reloading the Schema Cache -
Managing the Schema Master FSMO -
Chapter 12 Site Topology -
Introduction -
Creating a Site -
Listing the Sites -
Renaming a Site -
Deleting a Site -
Delegating Control of a Site -
Configuring Universal Group Caching for a Site -
Creating a Subnet -
Listing the Subnets -
Finding Missing Subnets -
Deleting a Subnet -
Changing a Subnet's Site Assignment -
Creating a Site Link -
Finding the Site Links for a Site -
Modifying the Sites That Are Part of a Site Link -
Modifying the Cost for a Site Link -
Enabling Change Notification for a Site Link -
Modifying Replication Schedules -
Disabling Site Link Transitivity or Site Link Schedules -
Creating a Site Link Bridge -
Finding the Bridgehead Servers for a Site -
Setting a Preferred Bridgehead Server for a Site -
Listing the Servers -
Moving a Domain Controller to a Different Site -
Configuring a Domain Controller to Cover Multiple Sites -
Viewing the Site Coverage for a Domain Controller -
Disabling Automatic Site Coverage for a Domain Controller -
Finding the Site for a Client -
Forcing a Host into a Particular Site -
Creating a Connection Object -
Listing the Connection Objects for a Server -
Load-Balancing Connection Objects -
Finding the ISTG for a Site -
Transferring the ISTG to Another Server -
Triggering the KCC -
Determining Whether the KCC Is Completing Successfully -
Disabling the KCC for a Site -
Changing the Interval at Which the KCC Runs -
Chapter 13 Replication -
Introduction -
Determining Whether Two Domain Controllers Are in Sync -
Viewing the Replication Status of Several Domain Controllers -
Viewing Unreplicated Changes Between Two Domain Controllers -
Forcing Replication from One Domain Controller to Another -
Enabling and Disabling Replication -
Changing the Intra-Site Replication Interval -
Changing the Intra-Site Notification Delay -
Changing the Inter-Site Replication Interval -
Disabling Inter-Site Compression of Replication Traffic -
Checking for Potential Replication Problems -
Enabling Enhanced Logging of Replication Events -
Enabling Strict or Loose Replication Consistency -
Finding Conflict Objects -
Finding Orphaned Objects -
Listing the Replication Partners for a DC -
Viewing Object Metadata -
Chapter 14 DNS and DHCP -
Introduction -
Creating a Forward Lookup Zone -
Creating a Reverse Lookup Zone -
Viewing a Server's Zones -
Converting a Zone to an AD-Integrated Zone -
Moving AD-Integrated Zones into an Application Partition -
Configuring Zone Transfers -
Configuring Forwarding -
Delegating Control of a Zone -
Creating and Deleting Resource Records -
Querying Resource Records -
Modifying the DNS Server Configuration -
Scavenging Old Resource Records -
Clearing the DNS Cache -
Verifying That a Domain Controller Can Register Its Resource Records -
Enabling DNS Server Debug Logging -
Registering a Domain Controller's Resource Records -
Deregistering a Domain Controller's Resource Records -
Preventing a Domain Controller from Dynamically Registering All Resource Records -
Preventing a Domain Controller from Dynamically Registering Certain Resource Records -
Allowing Computers to Use a Different Domain Suffix from Their AD Domain -
Authorizing a DHCP Server -
Locating Unauthorized DHCP Servers -
Restricting DHCP Administrators -
Chapter 15 Security and Authentication -
Introduction -
Enabling SSL/TLS -
Encrypting LDAP Traffic with SSL, TLS, or Signing -
Disabling LDAP Signing or Encryption -
Enabling Anonymous LDAP Access -
Restricting Hosts from Performing LDAP Queries -
Restricting Anonymous Access to Active Directory -
Using the Delegation of Control Wizard -
Customizing the Delegation of Control Wizard -
Revoking Delegated Permissions -
Viewing the ACL for an Object -
Customizing the ACL Editor -
Viewing the Effective Permissions on an Object -
Configuring Permission Inheritance -
Changing the ACL of an Object -
Changing the Default ACL for an Object Class in the Schema -
Comparing the ACL of an Object to the Default Defined in the Schema -
Resetting an Object's ACL to the Default Defined in the Schema -
Preventing the LM Hash of a Password from Being Stored -
Enabling Strong Domain Authentication -
Enabling List Object Access Mode -
Modifying the ACL on Administrator Accounts -
Viewing and Purging Your Kerberos Tickets -
Forcing Kerberos to Use TCP -
Modifying Kerberos Settings -
Viewing Access Tokens -
Chapter 16 Logging, Monitoring, and Quotas -
Introduction -
Enabling Extended dcpromo Logging -
Enabling Diagnostics Logging -
Enabling NetLogon Logging -
Enabling GPO Client Logging -
Enabling Kerberos Logging -
Viewing DNS Server Performance Statistics -
Monitoring the File Replication Service -
Monitoring the Windows Time Service -
Enabling Inefficient and Expensive LDAP Query Logging -
Using the STATS Control to View LDAP Query Statistics -
Using Perfmon to Monitor AD -
Using Perfmon Trace Logs to Monitor AD -
Creating an Administrative Alert -
Emailing an Administrator on a Performance Alert -
Enabling Auditing of Directory Access -
Enabling Auditing of Registry Keys -
Creating a Quota -
Finding the Quotas Assigned to a Security Principal -
Changing How Tombstone Objects Count Against Quota Usage -
Setting the Default Quota for All Security Principals in a Partition -
Finding the Quota Usage for a Security Principal -
Chapter 17 Backup, Recovery, DIT Maintenance, and Deleted Objects -
Introduction -
Backing Up Active Directory -
Restarting a Domain Controller in Directory Services Restore Mode -
Resetting the Directory Service Restore Mode Administrator Password -
Performing a Nonauthoritative Restore -
Performing an Authoritative Restore of an Object or Subtree -
Performing a Complete Authoritative Restore -
Checking the DIT File's Integrity -
Moving the DIT Files -
Repairing or Recovering the DIT -
Performing an Online Defrag Manually -
Performing a Database Recovery -
Creating a Reserve File -
Determining How Much Whitespace Is in the DIT -
Performing an Offline Defrag to Reclaim Space -
Changing the Garbage Collection Interval -
Logging the Number of Expired Tombstone Objects -
Determining the Size of the Active Directory Database -
Searching for Deleted Objects -
Undeleting a Single Object -
Undeleting a Container Object -
Modifying the Tombstone Lifetime for a Domain -
Chapter 18 Application Partitions -
Introduction -
Creating and Deleting an Application Partition -
Finding the Application Partitions in a Forest -
Adding or Removing a Replica Server for an Application Partition -
Finding the Replica Servers for an Application Partition -
Finding the Application Partitions Hosted by a Server -
Verifying Application Partitions Are Instantiated on a Server Correctly -
Setting the Replication Notification Delay for an Application Partition -
Setting the Reference Domain for an Application Partition -
Delegating Control of Managing an Application Partition -
Chapter 19 Active Directory Application Mode -
Introduction -
Installing ADAM -
Creating a New ADAM Instance -
Creating a New Replica of an ADAM Configuration Set -
Stopping and Starting an ADAM Instance -
Changing the Ports Used by an ADAM Instance -
Listing the ADAM Instances Installed on a Computer -
Extending the ADAM Schema -
Managing ADAM Application Partitions -
Managing ADAM Organizational Units -
Managing ADAM Users -
Changing the Password for an ADAM User -
Enabling and Disabling an ADAM User -
Managing ADAM Groups -
Managing ADAM Group Memberships -
Viewing and Modifying ADAM Object Attributes -
Importing Data into an ADAM Instance -
Configuring Intrasite Replication -
Forcing ADAM Replication -
Managing ADAM Permissions -
Chapter 20 Interoperability and Integration -
Introduction -
Accessing AD from a Non-Windows Platform -
Programming with .NET -
Programming with DSML -
Programming with Perl -
Programming with Java -
Programming with Python -
Integrating with MIT Kerberos -
Integrating with Samba -
Integrating with Apache -
Integrating with Novell Netware -
Integrating with Macintosh -
Replacing the Network Information Service -
Using BIND for DNS -
Integrating Down-level Windows Clients -
Using VMWare for Testing AD -
Using Virtual Server in an Active Directory Environment -
Chapter 21 Active Directory Federation Services -
Introduction -
Installing ADFS Prerequisites -
Installing the Federation Service -
Configuring an Active Directory Account Store -
Configuring an ADAM Account Store -
Configuring an Account Partner -
Configuring a Resource Partner -
Creating a Claim Type -
Configuring an Application -
Configuring a Forest Trust -
Configuring an Alternate UPN Suffix -
Configuring the ADFS Web Agent -
Enabling Logging for the ADFS Web Agent -
Chapter 22 Exchange Server 2003 -
Introduction -
Preparing Active Directory for Exchange -
Installing the First Exchange Server -
Installing Additional Exchange Servers -
Installing an Exchange Service Pack -
Creating Unattended Installation Files for Exchange and Exchange Service Pack Installations -
Installing Exchange Management Tools -
Delegating Exchange for the First Time -
Stopping and Starting Exchange Server -
Mail-Enabling a User -
Mail-Disabling a User -
Mailbox-Enabling a User -
Deleting a User's Mailbox -
Purging a Deleted Mailbox -
Reconnecting a Deleted Mailbox -
Enumerating Disconnected Mailboxes -
Moving a Mailbox -
Viewing Mailbox Sizes and Message Counts -
Configuring Mailbox Limits -
Mail-Enabling a Contact -
Mail-Disabling a Contact -
Creating a Mail-Enabled Distribution List -
Creating a Query-Based Distribution List -
Creating an Address List -
Creating a Recipient Policy -
Creating a Storage Group -
Creating a Mailbox Store -
Moving the Exchange Transaction Logs -
Listing Domain Controllers and Global Catalog Servers Used by an Exchange Server -
Mounting and Dismounting Mailbox Stores -
Enabling Message Tracking -
Chapter 23 Microsoft Identity Integration Server -
Introduction -
Creating the HR Database MA -
Creating an Active Directory MA -
Setting Up a Metaverse Object Deletion Rule -
Setting Up Simple Import Attribute Flow—HR Database MA -
Setting Up a Simple Export Attribute Flow to AD -
Defining an Advanced Import Attribute Flow—HR Database MA -
Implementing an Advanced Attribute Flow Rules Extension—HR Database MA -
Setting Up Advanced Export Attribute Flow in Active Directory -
Configuring a Run Profile to Do an Initial Load of Data from the HR Database MA -
Loading Initial HR Database Data into MIIS Using a Run Profile -
Configuring a Run Profile to Load the Container Structure from AD -
Loading the Initial AD Container Structure into MIIS Using a Run Profile -
Setting Up the HR Database MA to Project Objects to the Metaverse -
Writing a Rules Extension to Provision User Objects to the ADMA from Objects in the HR Database MA -
Creating a Run Profile for Provisioning -
Executing the Provisioning Rule -
Creating a Run Profile to Export Objects from the ADMA to Active Directory -
Exporting Objects to AD Using an Export Run Profile -
Testing Provisioning and De-Provisioning of User Accounts in AD -
Creating a Run Profile Script -
Creating a Controlling Script -
Enabling Directory Synchronization from AD to the HR Database -
Configuring a Run Profile to Load the telephoneNumber from AD -
Loading telephoneNumber Changes from AD into MIIS Using a Delta Import and Delta Synchronization Run Profile -
Exporting telephoneNumber Data to the HR Database -
Using the HR Database MA Export Run Profile to Export the Telephone Number to the HR Database -
Searching Data in the Connector Space -
Searching Data in the Metaverse -
Deleting Data in the Connector Space and Metaverse -
Colophon |
- Title:
- Active Directory Cookbook, 2nd Edition
- By:
- Robbie Allen, Laura E. Hunter
- Publisher:
- O'Reilly Media
- Formats:
-
- Print
- Ebook
- Safari Books Online
- Print:
- June 2006
- Ebook:
- June 2009
- Pages:
- 992
- Print ISBN:
- 978-0-596-10202-9
- | ISBN 10:
- 0-596-10202-X
- Ebook ISBN:
- 978-0-596-10601-0
- | ISBN 10:
- 0-596-10601-7
|
-
Robbie Allen Robbie Allen is a technical leader at Cisco Systems, where he has been involved in the deployment of Active Directory, DNS, DHCP, and several network management solutions. He enjoys working on Unix and Windows, and his favorite programming language is Perl. Robbie was named a Windows Server MVP in 2004 and 2005 for his contributions to the Windows community and the publication of several popular O'Reilly books. Robbie is currently studying at MIT in its system design and management program. For more information, see Robbie's web site at http://www.rallenhome.com. View Robbie Allen's full profile page. -
Laura E. Hunter Laura Hunter is a Microsoft MVP for Windows Server-Networking, and holds the following certifications: CISSP, MCSE:Security, and MCDBA. She is a Senior IT Specialist with the University of Pennsylvania. She is also the author of several fine books on MCSE and security topics. View Laura E. Hunter's full profile page. |
Colophon The animal on the cover of Active Directory Cookbook for Windows Server 2003 & Windows 2000 is a bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), also known as a horse mackerel. It inhabits both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in temperate and subtropical waters. The body of a bluefin tuna is a metallic, deep blue on top, while the undersides and belly are silvery white. The first dorsal fin is yellow or blue; the second is redor brown. The rear fin and finlets are yellow, edged with black. The central caudal keel is black. The bluefin tuna is one of the largest and fastest species of marine fish. An adult can weigh as much as 1,500 pounds (680 kilograms), and can swim up to speeds of 55 miles per hour (88.5 kilometers per hour). A bluefin tuna can swim across the Atlantic Ocean in 40 days. Recent pop-up satellite tracking has revealed that the bluefin tuna can dive to depths greater than 3,000 feet in a matter of minutes and still maintain a body temperature of 77 degrees Fahrenheit (25 degrees Celsius), even in near-freezing water. Commercial fishing has reduced the stock of bluefin tuna to the extent that a single fish, once caught, can be worth up to $40,000 (U.S.). However, the situation is reversible, and the numbers of tuna could increase if the guidelines of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT), an intergovernmental fishing organization that oversees tuna, are followed. |
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